Ventilator



2 Sheets-Sheet l /nVenfo/f:

@4 @MQW uw L 5MM@ H. KUCKUCK June 28, 1932.

VENT ILATOR Filed Sept. 30. 1929 June 28, 1932. KUCKUCK 1,864,743

VENTILM'OR Filed sept. so, 1929 2 sheets-sheer 2 around and through the apparatus.

e 1 the fact that in Patented June 28, 1932 PATENT ein HEINRICH KUCKUCK, OF BREMEN, GERMANY VENTILATOR Application mea september so, 1929, seriai No. 396,249, ana Ain Germany January 17,1929. l

This invention relates to ventilators and has for an object provision of certain improvements in Ventilating apparatus. More particularly the invention contemplates the provision of improved Ventilating apparatus of the type used on ships by means of which better ventilation is accomplished by the manner in which air currents are guided TheV type of Ventilator usually found on ships maybe described as a sort of air funnel projecting upward from the ships body and curved in a right angle at its upper open end. Ventilatore of this type are generally turned against the wind. There area number of disadvantages connected with ventilators of this type. The construction does not permit even7 continuous ventilation, due to the air currents form whirls which prevent and obstruct uninterrupted air passage and consequentlyreduce the etliciency of the equipment to a great extent. Various attempts were made vin the past to overcome these and other difficulties. Ventilators have been constructed that employed the use of concave wind-shields or deflectors over the discharge'opening in the ventilator.

The part of the ventilator which is provided with thevconcave wind-shield is generally turned against the wind. The air current striking the concave lwind-shield or def-lector is deflected` and consequently a suckingv action is produced which draws out the air from thel funnel connecting with the interior of the vessel. The resistance to th-e air travel is greatly increasedk bythe formation of whirls and other gyrations that are set up in the air passages because the apparatus used has not been designed according toaerodynamic principles.

No Ventilating device heretofore constructed has provided means offguiding and distributing the air current through the Ventila- .I tor in ysuch manner that the air currents are given stream-like motion.

The principal object of the invention is to produce a vigorous sucking action in the ventilator 1n order to withdraw foul air effectively from the interior of the Vessel. v Another object Vconsists. in the provision of means for reducing the resistance of the air currents approaching the ventilator.

n Still another object is to provide a uniformV distribution of the air currents within the Ventilator to prevent gyration.

A further object has to do withk means for adjusting the sucking action of theventilator according to wind and weatherconditions, and according to the speed of the vessel.

A further object resides in constructing a ventilator so that all sectional air currents escaping from the saine altitude of the ventilated room, describe paths of equal length when passing through the Ventilator to the outside.

Still another object is concerned with provision within the ventilator funn-elY for distributing and guiding the escaping air currents. Y

Y A further object relates to designing the ventilator in such a manner that sucient suction is created within the interior of the ventilator even in case the wind should turn and transversely approach the ventilator.

Other objects relate to the provisions forV readily' changing the ventilator from the sucking type of Ventilator to an air feeding type of Ventilator. This'provision permits use of the saine ventilator for withdrawing foul air from the interior of a certainlocality and for feeding fresh air into the same locality. j f y The invention will Vbe better understood from a consideration ofthe following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

3, a plan View of apparatus shown in i' Fig. c 2.

The apparatusV illustrated in Fig'l, shows the air funnel 1 adapted to be placed onthe y deck' of a Vessel and to be connected by means of a sleeve 2 to a tube (not shown) vwhichv leads to the interior of the vessel.l To the funnel l' is attached a horizontally disposedy ventilator cap 3, by means of a sleeve 4. The funnel 1 curves inside and to the rear of the ventilator cap 3, as shown, its end being designated by numeral 5. The end 5 of the funnel 1 is inclined, the dotted line W-V including an angle of about 45 degrees with the hori- Zontal aXis. Inside of the funnel 1 are distributing and guiding blades 6 placed transversely across the inside of the funnel 1, and may be attached to opposite walls by spot Welding. rlhey follow the curving` of the funnel and serve the purpose of uniformly guiding and distributing air currents and thereby prevent the formation of whirls within the funnel. rlhe blades are shaped in streamlines in such a manner as to provide the least resistance to the escaping air currents, and their shape and location within the funnel determines the proper guiding of the air currents to impart streamline motion to the air currents.

Attached to the walls of the ventilator cap 3 are the spherically curved guiding and distributing air current reectors designated by numeral 7.

The distance between the line W-V and the reflectors and the end of the funnel should be not less than one third of the diameter of the funnel. The purpose of these reflectors is to reflect the escaping air currents in streamlines to the outside, in uniform and even manner. The curvature and position of these reflectors with reference to the funnel 1 determines the distance the escaping air currents have to travel to the outside.

The open end of the ventilator cap is curved slightly to the outside and provided with a rubber ring 8. rllhis rubber ring is used when it is desired to close the ventilator bv means of the adjustable deflector 12. A closure may be desirable in case of bad weather; the adjusting may be prompted by wilnd conditions and by the speed of the ves se Attached to one side of the funnel 1, at 9, is a mounting which is provided with a thread 11 for adjustably receiving the deflector 12. A suitably shaped member 13, provided on the protruding center part of the deflector 12, serves the purpose of adjusting the deiector with reference to the opening of the ventilator cap 3.

rlhe adjusting may be desirable due to various conditions. The distance between the outer margin of the defiector 12 and the rubber ring 8 of the ventilator cap may be increased or decreased and will for accordingly decreasing or increasing the sucking action. Should bad weather prevail, the deflector may be used for entirely closing the ventilator cap. i 1 Y The action of the ventilator described above in detail, will now be explained with reference to the air currents. Particular attention is called to the following features which will readily be understood from a detailed explanation of the action which is to follow:

1. Least resistance to the onrushing air Acurrents, due to the shape of the deector 12;

2. Adjustability of sucking action;

3. Uniform distribution of the escaping air currents and prevention of whirls due to the provision of distributing and guiding blades G, and due to the provision of the spherically curved air current reflectors 7 Y L1. General structure of the ventilator, whereby all sectional escapingair currents coming from the saine altitude of the ventilated location, describe paths of equal length through the ventilator to the outside.

The ventilator is located on the deck of a vessel and faces forward, i. e. the deflector 12 points in the travelling direction of the vessel. The dotted lines shown on the left of the drawings indicate the onrushing air currents which travel in the direction of the arrows from left to right. It will be evident, without elaborate description, that the peculiar shape of the detlectorl12, being pointed in the center, sloping gradually down, and concave at the end, forces the onrushing air currents, as shown by the dotted lines, beyond and slightly above, but longitudinally to the ventilator cap 3. A vacuum is thereby tended to be created behind the deflector 12, the degree of which is determined, and the optimum of which may be adjusted, by the distance from the margin of the defiector 12 to the rubber ring 3 on the ventilator cap 3. Y

It may be mentioned at this point that the sucking action is dependent to a large extent on the shape of the dellecto-r 12. An entirely concave deiiector would, e. g. produce a still more vigorous vacuum and, therefore, sucking action. However, it may be remembered that such ventilators reach relatively enormous dimensions. rlhe diameter of such a deflector as the one shown may run well over 12 feet in case of a large vessel. A strictly concave deflector would produce enormous resistance, which under certain circumstances would be felt detrimentally to the speed of the vessel. Numerous experiments have shown that the sucking action which is reached with a deflector having concave margin is entirely suificient under any and all circumstances. Its great advantage is that though the concave margin produces a strong vacuum yet the conical center part provides for small resistance to the onrushing air.

rlhe air currents, deflected by the deflector 12, asV explained above, produce a vacuum which in turn causes a strong sucking action within the ventilator cap 3 and within the funnel l. Y

Referring now to the lower center part of the drawings in which full lines provided with arrows are shown pointing into the funnel 1, these lines Ldesignate the escaping air currents rushing out from the ventilated locality, due to the sucking action created as explained above. When these air currents reach the upper curved part of the funnel 1, they divide, due to the ydistributing and guiding blades 6, and are directed toward the arcuate air current reflectors 7j. The shape` ofthe guiding blades 6 which are formed in streamlines provides theV least resistance to the escaping air currents, guiding the air currents in streamlines and preventing gyration. When the air currents strike the reflectors 7, they are reected and guided tothe outside as shown by the streamlines provided with arrows. Thus all irregular whirls within the ventilator are prevented and a pathof equal distance is provided for all sectional escaping air currents which originated in the same altitude of the ventilated locality.

An inspection of the drawings will show that the air currents, running upthe left half of the funnel 1, have a relatively large distance to cover until they leave the funnel 1, and enter the interiorof the ventilator cap 3, while'their path through the ventilator cap, to the outside, is relatively short. By examining Fig. 1, and particularly the streamlines on the right half of the funnel 1, which designate the escaping air currents, it will be seenthat these air currents cover a relatively short distance within the funnel 1, but a correspondingly large distance within the ventilator cap 3. The Vdistance these escaping air currents have to travel through the ventilator istherefore approximately the same, regardless of the altitude of the ventilated'locality in which they originate.

Fig. 1 represents merely the cross section of the apparatus. Other views could be projected to indicate the fact that the shape of the funnel 1 is circular, and that this circular funnel is located within a circularventilator cap. One must, therefore, in order to properly understand the streamline action of the escaping air currents, visualize the picture shown in Fig. 1 in at least 3 projections. The streamlines as shown and described do not flow in a plane but within the cross-sectional area of the funnel and of the ventilator cap.

The description of the invention will now be continued with reference to the Figs. 2 and 3. These figures, as has been mentioned, represent a top side view` and plan, respectively, of a ventilator having modified provisions for adjusting the deflector with reference to the ventilator cap op-ening, and having also provisions for changing the ventilator from an air sucking type to an air feeding type ventilator.

Only those parts of the modification shown in the Figs. 2 and 3 willbe discussed in detail,

which dier in structure or in purpose fromV the ventilator already described. I

.The guiding. and distributing* blades 6,I shown in Fig. 2 are somewhat differentlyv shaped from the guiding blades 6 shown in Fig. 1. The latter are shaped not unlike streamline-shaped, with rounded lower part, slightly curved in accordance with the curvawill be obvious without further remarks. The shape of the blades in Fig. 2 are symmetrical-as to their upper and lower part and the reason for lthis shape resides in the convertibility of the ventilator from a suck` ture of the funnelv 1. Their streamline effectf'm the deflector 12 is dierent kfrom the one Y shown in Fig. 1. While the latter was attached-.to the upper curved part of the funnel 1, inside of the cap 3, it is in the present case attached adjustably by means of brackets 14.- and 15 which are fastened to the deflector 12, and which are attached to hinges on the carriers 16 and 17. VThese carriers are held in guide brackets 18 and 19, which are fastened to the sides of the ventilator cap 3.y In the rear of the ventilator capl 3,'the carriers unite in the part 20 which is lprovided with a threaded rotatable block 25 for taking the threaded adjusting screw 21.- The threaded block 25 is turned by the geared worm 26 which is in turn rotated by the engaging worm wheel 27. Wheel 27 is connected to the shaft 28 which extends below the deck of the vessel and makes possible remote operation of thedeflector 12. The shaft 28 may be turned manually as by the wheel 29y or mechanical or automatic means may be applied for this operation. Rot-ation of the block 25 causes the threaded screw 21 to be ymoved in and out in such mannerl that deflector 12 which is attached thereto is moved relatively to the capv opening for regulating the degree of desired suction.

A pin 22 is shown, fastened to a chain 23,

the free opening of the ventilator cap 3, with the deflector removed, is turned in the travel directionv of the vessel against the wind, and

the wind rwill blow into the ventilator cap 3 and continue into the' interior lby way of they funnel 1, past the guiding and distributing blades 6. It will befclear that in this case, the refl-ectors7 and the guidingand distributing'blades 6 act again in thel manner of streamline guides in reverseddlrection.

an air'feeding type. In this case,

' The mounting of the removable deiiector may, of course, be different from the one shown in these drawings. Itmay be preferable in certain cases, to mount the deflector so that it may be turned on hinges to the side, up or down, as desired, instead of entirely removing the same as shown. However, these are details of construction, which may readily be determined in some convenient fashion Without departing from the spirit of the invention.

It is believed that the above account of the invention and its various features and objects will be sufficient for rendering an understanding of t-he invention and that the structure above shown is illustrative of the principle only and may be embodied in other forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the following claims.

l claim:

l. ln a Ventilating device, a ventilator cap open at one end, an air funnel projecting into the cap and terminating therein, the upper portion of the funnel being curved within the cap and toward the closed end thereof, a. plurality of curved guiding and distributing blades disposed within the curved portion of the funnel for guiding and for distributing air currents in streamlines from the funnel into the cap, and reflecting means disposed within the cap' for guiding and for distributing air currents in streamlines through the cap.

2. In a Ventilating device, a ventilator cap open at one end, an air funnel projecting into the Vcap and terminating therein, the upper portion. of the funnel'being curved within the cap and toward the closed end thereof, a plurality of curved guiding and distributing` blades disposed within the curved portion of the funnel for guiding and for distributing air currents in streamlines from the funnel into the cap, reflecting means disposed within the cap for guiding and for distributing air currents in streamlines through the cap, means on the open end of the cap and integral therewith for guiding air currents in streamlines out of the cap, and a streamline circular, concave deflector attachedr to the open end of the cap but separated therefrom for creating suction in the cap and in the funnel when an air current passes adjacent thereto. Y

3. In a Ventilating device, a ventilator, cap

open at one end, an air funnel projecting into the cap and terminating therein, the upper portion of the funnel being curved within the cap and toward the closed end thereof, a plurality of curved guiding and distributing blades disposed within the curved portion of the funnel for guiding and for distributing air currents in streamlines from the funnel into the cap, vreflecting means disthrough the cap, lmeans on the open end of the cap and integral therewith for guiding air currents in streamlines out of the cap,

and means attached to the cap and movable -f relatively thereto for creating suction in the cap and in the funnel when an air current passes adjacent thereto.

4t. ln a Ventilating device, a ventilator cap open at one end, an air funnel projecting1 tributing blades disposed within the curved portion of the funnel for guiding and for distributing air currents instreamlines from the funnely into the cap, reflecting means dis.- posed within the cap for guiding and for distributing air currents in streamlines through the cap, means on the open end of the cap and integral therewith for guiding air currents in streamlines out of the cap, a deflector attached to the cap and movable relatively thereto for creating suction in the cap and in the funnel when an air current passes adjacent thereto, and means for remotely controlling the movement of the delector.

5. ln a Ventilating device, a ventilator cap open at one end, an air funnel projecting into the cap and terminating therein, the upper portion of the funnel being curved within the cap and toward the closed end thereof, a plurality of curved guiding and distributing blades disposed within the curved portion of the funnel for guiding and for distributing air currents in streamlines from the funnel into the cap, reflectingmeans Vdisposed within the cap for guiding and for distributing air currents in streamlines through the cap, means on the open end of the cap and integral therewith for guiding air currents in streamlines out of the cap, a streamline air deflector located at the open end of the cap but separated therefrom and leaving an annular free passage for creating suction within the cap and within the funnel when an air current passes adjacent thereto, and a movable carrier disposed on the eX- terior of the cap for supporting the defiector.

G. In a Ventilating device, a ventilator cap open at one end, an air funnel entering the cap and terminating therein, the upper portion of the funnel being curved within the cap and toward the closed end thereof, a plurality of curved guiding and distributing blades disposedwithin the curved portion of the funnel for guiding and for distributing an air current in streamlines from the funnel4 into the cap, reflecting means disposed within the cap for guiding and for distributing an air current in streamlines through the` cap, means on the open end of the cap and integral therewith for guiding an air current in streamlines out of thefcap, a streamline air deector located at the open end of the neo rier to adjust the air defiector relative to Y the open end of the cap for regulating the force of suction.

7. In a Ventilating device, a Ventilator cap open at one end, an air funnel projecting into and terminating therein, the upper portion of the funnel being curved Withinthe cap and toward the closed end thereof, a plurality of curved, streamlined blades disposed Within the curved portion of the funnel for guiding and for distributing escaping air currents in streamlines into the cap and also adapted to guide and to distribute incoming air currents in streamlines into the funnel, stationary air reflectors Within the cap for guiding andV for distributing escaping air currents in streamlines through the capl and also adapted for guiding and for distributing incoming air currents in streamlines into the funnel, a movable and detachable streamlined air deflector disposed on the open end of the cap but separated therefrom and Whenattached adapted to create suction in the cap and in the funnel and When detached permitting the entrance of air currents into the cap, a remote control attached to the deflector for moving said deflector relative to the cap opening for regulating the amount of suction, and means attached to the open end of the cap for closing and for sealing the opening by means of the remotely controlled movable deflector.

8. In a Ventilating device, a ventilator cap open at one end, an air-funnel projecting into the cap and terminating therein, the upper portion of the funnel-being curved Within the cap and toward the closed end thereof, and a deflector for creating suction in the cap and in the funnel When an air current passes adjacent thereto disposed in front of the open end of the cap but spaced therefrom.

9. In a Ventilating device, a ventilator cap open at one end, an air-funnel projecting into the cap and terminating therein, the upper portion of the funnel being curved Within the cap and toward the closed end thereof,`

means Within the cap disposed opposite the open end of the curved funnel portion for guiding and distributing an air current in streamlines through the cap, and a deflector for creating suction in the cap and in the funnel when an air current passes adjacent vthereto disposed in front of the open end of the cap but spaced therefrom.

10. In a Ventilating device, a Ventilator cap open at one end, an air-funnel projecting into the cap and terminating therein, the upper portion of the funnel being curved Within the cap and toward the closed end thereof, and a deflector with a concave margin and a conical, projecting center disposed in front of the open end of the cap but spaced therefrom for creating suction in the cap and in the funnel When an air current passes adjacent thereto, the said conical center projecting toward the said air currents.

11. In a Ventilating device, a Ventilator cap open at one end, an air-funnel projecting into the cap and terminating therein-,ethe upp-er portion of the funnel being curved Within the capl and toward the closed end thereof, and a deiector With a concave shaped margin, a convex inner surface and a conical projecting center, disposed in front of the open end of the cap but spaced therefrom, for creating suction in the cap and in the funnel when an air current passes adjacent thereto.

12. In a Ventilating device, a ventilator cap open at one end, an air-funnel projecting into the cap and terminating therein, the upper portion of the funnel being curved Within the cap and toward the closed end thereof, a deiector disposed in frontv of the open end of the cap but spaced therefrom, for creating suction in the cap and in the funnel when an air current passes adjacent thereto, and means for suitably varying the distance between the end of the cap yand the deflector.

13. In a Ventilating device, a Ventilator cap open at one end, an air-funnel projecting into the cap and terminating therein, the upper portion of the funnel being curved Within the cap and toward the closed end thereof, a deflector disposed in front of the open end of the cap but spaced therefrom for creating suction in the cap and in the funnel when an air current passes adjacent thereto, and means for suitably Varying the distance between the end of the cap and the deflector, said means also forming a guide for guiding the deflector up against the margin of the cap to thereby shut the Ventilating device olf against the outer atmosphere.

14. In a Ventilating device, a Ventilator cap open at one end, an air-funnel projecting into the capand terminating therein, the upper portion of the funnel being curved Within the cap and toward the closed end thereof, and a movable and detachable air-deilector disposed in front of the open end of the cap for changing the device over from a suction type to a feeding type Ventilator.

In testimony whereof I hereunto affix my signature.

` HEINRICH KUCKUCK. 

